Crypto Winter
The enormous growth streak for bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has turned brutally cold.
As prices plunge, companies collapse and skepticism soars, fortunes and jobs are disappearing overnight, and investors’ feverish speculation has been replaced by icy calculation, in what industry leaders are referring to as a “crypto winter.”
It’s a drastic turn of events for investments and companies that at the start of 2022 seemed to be at their financial and cultural apex. Crypto companies ran commercials during the Super Bowl and spent heavily to sponsor sports arenas and baseball teams. The industry’s combined assets back then were estimated to be worth more than $3 trillion; today, they are worth less than a third of that.
This morning, the price of bitcoin traded at $20,407, about 70% below its November peak of around $69,000. Another leading cryptocurrency, Ethereum, was trading near $4,800 at its November peak; it is now at $1,139.
Bitcoin and other cryptocurrency prices have been sliding all year, a decline that accelerated as the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates in response to soaring inflation. What is happening to crypto is, in part, an extreme version of what is happening to stocks, as investors sell riskier assets at a time when the threat of recession is quickly rising.
But the crypto sell-off is more than that, experts say; it signals growing trepidation on Wall Street and Main Street about the crypto principals. “There was this irrational exuberance,” said Mark Hays at Americans for Financial Reform, a consumer advocacy group. “They did similar things leading up to the 2008 crisis: aggressively market these products, promise returns that were unreasonable, ignore the risks, and would dismiss any critics as folk who just didn’t get it.”
Hays and others are also drawing comparisons to the 2008 housing-market meltdown because the collapse in bitcoin and other digital coins has coincided with crypto industry versions of bank runs and a lack of regulatory oversight that is stirring fears about just how bad the damage could get. Unlike housing, the crypto industry isn’t large enough to trigger major turmoil across the wider economy or financial system, analysts say.
But recent events have nevertheless shattered many investors’ confidence. For example, the so-called stablecoin Terra collapsed in a matter of days in May, wiping out $40 billion in investor wealth. In the crypto business, stablecoins are marketed as a safe investment and the price of each one is typically pegged to a traditional financial instrument, like the U.S. dollar. Terra instead relied on an algorithm to keep its price steady near $1 — and partly backed up its value with bitcoin.
Similarly, a company called Celsius Network, which operates like a bank for crypto holders, froze the accounts of its 1.7 million customers in June. Celsius took deposits, paid interest, and made loans and other investments with its customers’ cryptocurrencies, once valued at close to $10 billion. Unlike a real bank, there is no federal insurance backstopping these customers’ deposits.
Moreover, the CEO and co-founder of Coinbase, one of the largest crypto exchanges, announced that the company would be laying off roughly 18% of its employees last month, and he said a wider recession could make the industry’s troubles even worse.
This isn’t the first crypto winter. In 2018, bitcoin fell from $20,000 to less than $4,000. But analysts say this time feels different. However, amid all the chilly warnings, though, hope still springs eternal for some crypto investors.
Jake Greenbaum, a 31-year-old known as Crypto King on Twitter, said he has recently lost at least $1 million on his crypto investments — “a nice chunk of my portfolio.” While he believes things could get worse before they get better, he is not throwing in the towel.
Things look bad now, he said, “so this is where you want to start positioning back in.”
